Fernandina Beach, Florida Fernandina Beach, Florida City of Fernandina Beach Images from top, left to right: Beach, statue of a pirate (the mascot of Fernandina Beach High School), Nassau County Courthouse (Florida), shrimp statue (representing the annual Shrimp Festival), United States Post Office, Custom House, and Courthouse (Fernandina, Florida, 1912), Fort Clinch, Old School House, Fort Clinch Pier Images from top, left to right: Beach, statue of a pirate (the mascot of Fernandina Beach High School), Nassau County Courthouse (Florida), shrimp statue (representing the annual Shrimp Festival), United States Post Office, Custom House, and Courthouse (Fernandina, Florida, 1912), Fort Clinch, Old School House, Fort Clinch Pier Official seal of Fernandina Beach, Florida Location in Nassau County and the state of Florida Location in Nassau County and the state of Florida Fernandina Beach, Florida is positioned in the US Fernandina Beach, Florida - Fernandina Beach, Florida State Florida Fernandina Beach is a town/city in Nassau County, Florida, United States, on Amelia Island.
It is the northernmost town/city on Florida's Atlantic coast, and is one of the principal municipalities comprising Greater Jacksonville.
Located on Amelia Island, known as the "Isle of 8 Flags", Fernandina has had the flags of the following nations flown over it since 1562: France, Spain, Great Britain, Spain (again), the Patriots of Amelia Island, the Green Cross of Florida, Mexico, the Confederate States of America, and the United States.
2.5 Patriot Republic of Florida Flag 2.7 Latin American Patriots' Green Cross of Florida flag 2.10 United States flag Prior to the arrival of Europeans on what is now Amelia Island, the site of the initial town of Fernandina was occupied by Native Americans. Native American bands associated with the Timucuan mound-building culture had settled on the island about A.D.
Marys River to home a garrison of Scottish Highlanders. The American naturalist William Bartram visited Amelia Island in 1774, noting the existence of a several very large tumuli, or earthwork mounds, which the colonists called "Ogeechee mounts". France, England, and Spain all had maintained a existence on the island intermittently amid the 16th through 18th centuries, but the first permanent European settlement was not made until Spain took over Florida from Britain at the end of the American Revolution. During later colonial times the site had attained military importance because of its deep harbor and its strategic locale near the northern boundary of Spanish Florida.
On January 1, 1811, Enrique White, governor of Spain's East Florida province, titled the town of Fernandina, about a mile from the present city, with respect to King Ferdinand VII.
The proclamation of the Adams-Onis Treaty on February 22, 1821, two years after its signing in 1819, officially transferred Spain's territories in Florida, including Amelia Island, to the United States. In 1565, Spanish forces led by Pedro Menendez de Aviles drove the French from northeastern Florida, killing Ribault and approximately 350 other French colonists.
Catherines Island, to the abandoned Santa Maria mission on the island in 1685.
In 1702, this mission was again abandoned when South Carolina's colonial governor, James Moore, led a joint British-Indian invasion of Florida.
Georgia's founder and colonial governor, James Oglethorpe, retitled the island "Amelia Island" with respect to Princess Amelia (1711 1786), King George II's daughter, although the island was still a Spanish possession.
After establishing a small settlement on the northwestern edge of the island, Oglethorpe negotiated with Spanish colonial officials for a transfer of the island to British sovereignty.
Spain ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for Havana, nullifying all Spanish territory grants in Florida.
Marys River as East Florida's northeastern boundary.
Although not officially allied with the Americans amid the Revolutionary War, Spain cooperated with them as co-belligerents against the British in some actions. In 1783, the Second Treaty of Paris ended hostilities, and under its terms Great Britain ceded East and West Florida to Spain, and all British inhabitants of the Floridas, including those on Amelia Island, had to leave inside 18 months unless they swore allegiance to Spain and professed Catholicism. In 1811, surveyor George J.
Clarke platted the town of Fernandina, titled in honor of Spain's King Ferdinand VII. Patriot Republic of Florida Flag East Florida Patriot Flag At the beginning of the Patriot War, with the approval of President James Madison and Georgia Governor George Mathews on 13 March 1812, insurgents known as the "Patriots of Amelia Island" seized the island.
After raising a Patriot flag, they replaced it with the United States flag.
Spanish pressure forced the American evacuation from the island in 1813.
Spanish forces erected Fort San Carlos on the island in 1816.
Latin American Patriots' Green Cross of Florida flag Green Cross flag of Florida Led by Gregor Mac - Gregor in 1817, a Scottish soldier and adventurer, 55 musketeers seized Fort San Carlos, claiming the island on behalf of "the brethren of Mexico, Buenos Ayres, New Grenada and Venezuela". Mac - Gregor claimed to be Brigadier General of the armies of the United Provinces of New Grenada and Venezuela (where he had successfully fought and led troops), and General-in-Chief of the armies for the two Floridas, commissioned by the Supreme Director of Mexico. Navy forces drove Aury from the island, and President James Monroe vowed to hold Amelia Island "in trust for Spain." On January 8, 1861, two days before Florida's secession, Confederate sympathizers (the Third Regiment of Florida Volunteers) took control of Fort Clinch, already abandoned by the Federal workers who had been enlarging the structure.
United States flag Union forces, consisting of 28 gunboats commanded by Commodore Samuel Dupont, occupied the island on March 3, 1862, and raised the American flag.
Fernandina Beach is positioned at 30 24 04 N 81 16 27 W, approximately 25 miles (40 km) northeast of downtown Jacksonville.
According to the United States Enumeration Bureau, the town/city has a total region of 15.7 square miles (41 km2), all land.
It is the northernmost town/city on the easterly coast of Florida.
Climate data for Fernandina Beach, Florida (elevation 49 ft.) The ethnic makeup of the town/city was 83.4% White, 11.7% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other competitions and 1.3% from two or more competitions.
Nassau County Fire Rescue operates Station 20 on the south end of Amelia Island, as well as Station 70 Oneil. The Fernandina Beach Municipal Airport is a general aviation airfield positioned approximately three miles south of the town/city that serves Amelia Island.
Fernandina Beach High School The enhance schools of Fernandina Beach are part of the Nassau County School District.
Fernandina Beach Middle School (6-8) Fernandina Beach High School (9-12) Michael's Academy, is positioned in downtown Fernandina Beach.
All three Fernandina Beach enhance schools are "A" rated by the State of Florida.
Nassau County Public Library operates the Fernandina Beach Branch. Allen, political scientist who was chairman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights from 1988 to 1989, was born in Fernandina Beach in 1944.
Civil War, he was also a historian, lawyer and Florida State Senator.
David Levy Yulee, Florida Territorial representative to Congress and the first U.S.
Senator from Florida when it became a state, member of the Confederate Congress, builder of Florida's first cross-state barns (Fernandina to Cedar Key).
The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking is a 1988 American fantasy-adventure-musical film that was filmed in Fernandina Beach and at soundstages in Jacksonville. The home that stood in for Villa Villekulla, Pippi's home, is known locally as Captain Bell's House and is positioned on Estrada Street in the Old Town region directly athwart from the Fernandina Plaza (parade ground for the Spanish fort) and overlooking the Amelia River. Original Town of Fernandina Historic Site United States Post Office, Custom House, and Courthouse (Fernandina, Florida, 1912) See National Register of Historic Places listings in Nassau County, Florida United States Enumeration Bureau.
"Fernandina Plaza Historic State Park" (PDF).
State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection Division of Recreation and Parks.
Historic Properties Resurvey, City of Fernandina Beach, Nassau County, FL.
Florida Historical Quarterly.
Florida Historical Society.
University Press of Florida.
"The Spanish Conquest of British West Florida, 1779-1781".
The Florida Historical Quarterly.
Florida Historical Society.
The other war of 1812 : the Patriot War and the American invasion of Spanish East Florida.
"Station Name: FL FERNANDINA BEACH".
"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015".
"Fernandina Beach (city), Florida".
"Station 20 South end of Amelia Island 5518 First Coast Highway Fernandina Beach, Florida 32034" "Station 70 Oneil 96031 Pine Grove Road Fernandina Beach, Florida 32034" "Fernandina Beach Branch Library." "Location Fernandina Library Branch 25 N.
Fernandina Beach, FL 32034" Pop Culture Florida.
"Shrimp festival kicks off in Fernandina Beach".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fernandina Beach, Florida.
City of Fernandina Beach Fernandina Beach News-Leader, full text with full page images, freely available in the Florida Digital Newspaper Library Fernandina Express, 1880s historic journal freely available with full text and full page images in the Florida Digital Newspaper Library Municipalities and communities of Nassau County, Florida, United States State of Florida
Categories:
County seats in Florida - Cities in Nassau County, Florida - Cities in Jacksonville urbane region - Cities in Florida - Populated coastal places in Florida on the Atlantic Ocean - 1811 establishments in the Spanish Empire
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